In this sprightly and spirited narrative, a few determined scientists set out to correlate the pattern of dark spots on the Sun's face with the igniting of earthly aurora, the interruption of telegraph (later satellite) transmissions, and even the price of wheat in England. Of course, the world thought them mad. The 'sun kings,' as Stuart Clark so aptly names these pioneers, persevered through ridicule, animosity, and personal tragedy to forge a link across space and fathom the true nature of the Sun. I found myself captivated by the characters, the colossal problems they tackled, and the stunning conclusions they finally reached. I commend Clark for combining so many interesting ideas into a single, fast-paced, beautifully crafted story. -- Dava Sobel, author of "Longitude, Galileo's Daughter, and The Planets" Herein lies the tale of intrepid astronomers, across time and cultures, who were the first to observe, identify, and document our misbehaving Sun. But by the time you are done, you realize that the story's main protagonist--the one with all the personality-is not any one of the scientists, but the Sun itself. A delightful, informative read. -- Neil deGrasse Tyson, astrophysicist, American Museum of Natural History, author of "Death by Black Hole: And Other Cosmic Quandaries" Stuart Clark illuminates the dawn of astrophysics by tracing the rise and fall of Richard Carrington, the man who first glimpsed how events on the Sun affect our lives on Earth. No faceless automatons, the scientists in this tale blend a passion for their work with the more worldly passions of pride, jealousy, greed, and lust. -- Robert P. Kirshner, Clowes Professor of Science, Harvard University Stuart Clark's The Sun Kings is undoubtedly the most gripping and brilliant popular-science history account that I have ever read. It is informative, accurate, and relevant. Clark's ability to write so vividly makes me seethe with jealousy. -- Owen Gingerich, author of "The Book Nobody Read: Chasing the Revolutions of Nicolaus Copernicus" Clark tells a gripping story with several intersecting personal dramas that make unexpectedly exciting reading for a book with such a substantial academic theme. I learned a thing or two about how it was first realized and then proved--over the objection of the powerful Lord Kelvin--that the magnetism thrown off the Sun reaches the Earth. Those not familiar with the overall story will benefit even more from the discussion and analysis. -- Jay M. Pasachoff, coauthor of "The Cosmos: Astronomy in the New Millennium"

Commended for Royal Society Prize for Science Books: General Prize 2008.

In this well-researched and very well-written book, Clark tells the embattled, little-known history of modern astronomy, a spry tale full of intrigue, jealousy, spite, dedication and perseverance. -- Publishers Weekly Here is popular science at its best: accurate, meticulously researched ... and full of adventures. -- Simon Mitton, Times Higher Education The techniques of Carrington and his contemporaries gave birth to the new science of astrophysics, which can probe questions about the structure, function, and origin of the stars, planets, and the universe at large... From Carrington's observations, Clark spins a lively account of seminal discoveries in spectroscopy, photography, and theoretical physics that led to the present-day understanding. -- Laurence A. Marschall, Natural History Science journalist Stuart Clark, in his new book The Sun Kings, places [English amateur astronomer Richard] Carrington at the fulcrum of a century-long debate over the effects of sunspots, because he drew on two very different sorts of scientific observations--studies of sunspots and of the Earth's magnetic field--that together would eventually allow astronomers to see the relation between solar and terrestrial activity. -- Alex Soojung-Kim Pang, American Scientist Well paced and well chosen, Clark's history will delight science readers. -- Booklist Meticulously researched, The Sun Kings chronicles the largely untold story of the inception of modern astrophysics in marvelous detail. -- SEED Magazine We still don't understand the sun, but Clark shows with verve and assurance how it is that we understand so much more than we used to. -- Lorien Kaye, The Age A tale of ongoing speculations and proofs, The Sun Kings reveals, above all, Stuart Clark's passion for all things astronomical. -- Brett Josef Grubisic, Vancouver Sun Stuart Clark's The Sun Kings is a compelling account of how astronomers came to understand solar flares, sunspots, and magnetic storms. It is also a vivid portrait of the scientific climate of a vanished era... The Sun Kings is an excellent and fast-paced read for anyone interested in astronomy, history, or human drama, as well as important context for understanding some of the reasons Earth's climate changes over time. -- Melissa A. Barton, BookSlut.com The Sun Kings uncovers much of the history of how we came to understand how solar flares and associated phenomena can wreak havoc on Earth... This is popular science history told with rare accuracy and enough intrigue to keep the reader entertained. -- Neil Bone, Astronomy Now Each story is told with the clarity required to keep the non-expert engrossed and the stories are entertaining and genuinely fascinating. -- Bruce Elder, Sydney Morning Herald Simply telling the history of scientific solar observations and the beginnings of modern astronomy and making the writing a page-turner would be a difficult feat, but Clark does it superbly. This is not a dry scientific chronology but a story of real men and women who had lives beyond the science they performed... Well-written and well-researched with a thorough bibliography and index. -- M.V. Golden, Choice The all-powerful, infinitely fragile nexus between Earth and its sun drives Stuart Clark's riveting study of astronomer Richard Carrington, dubbed the Sun King by his 19th-century English peers. Carrington's specialty was sunspots and solar flares, but the real drama here is off-telescope. -- Tony Maniaty, The Australian Stuart Clark's The Sun Kings is a lively, informative discourse on the research that led to a discovery that in Victorian times was revolutionary: a cause-and-effect relationship between events on the Sun and Earth. Although the book is biographical, the science is not secondary: The characters and their research are skillfully interwoven in the narrative. The inclusion of the discoveries and personas of so many of the pioneers of Victorian astrophysics will make Clark's book an enjoyable and meaningful read for anyone, professional physicist and layperson alike, who has an interest in the roots of physics and astronomy...Clark is writing for a popular science audience who will enjoy his lively and eminently readable account of the lives and scientific careers of those whose work furthered the understanding of the Sun-Earth connection. -- Richard C. Canfield, Physics Today What a delight! This is an enthralling account of the personal lives of the scientists who first demonstrated the Sun's dominant influence over Earthly affairs and laid the foundation for modern astronomy and astrophysics. This is a fast-moving, accurate, and fascinating story of diverse personalities, their families, ambitions, hopes, and struggles, their passion for knowledge, for awards, positions and recognition, and the inevitable roles that pride, greed, jealousy, and resentments played in deciding the tragedies, fame and fortune of the founders of modern astronomy. -- Manuel K. Oliver, Twenty-first Century Science and Technology Run, don't walk, to your nearest ... store to buy The Sun Kings... It is a remarkable book. -- Jeff Kuhn, Nature Physics This is a fascinating and fast-paced narrative. -- Allan Chapman, The Observatory Clark's engaging and authoritative account of the early years of solar-terrestrial science will he especially valuable as an introduction to space weather for undergraduates and beginning graduate students. It will also appeal more generally as a first-rate scientific detective story involving flesh-and-blood characters. -- Edward W. Cliver, Space Weather Quarterly Clark's style of popular historical storytelling effectively conveys the personal, interpersonal, and political aspects of scientific lives and work. He creates clear and interesting nontechnical explanations for solar phenomena and researchers' methods and analyses. Both general and academic readers should appreciate how his narrative demonstrates the multigenerational nature of solar astronomy and relates the contemporary importance of accurate verbal and artistic descriptions of natural phenomena... [T]here can be little doubt that the history of science and public science education both stand to benefit immensely from hybrid forms of historiography like Clark's. -- Pamela Gossin, Isis Stuart Clark's eminently readable book ... although aimed at a broad audience, is also useful for the specialist... The significance of coincidences and chance in research, as well as the personal side of science, is well described for the general public. It is highly recommended reading. -- Bela Kalman, Solar Physics Solar astronomy is truly a multigenerational science and its beginnings are brilliantly summarised in Stuart Clark's story, built around the greatest magnetic storm ever recorded... The tale is lively, informative and often compelling. -- Keith Mansfield, Plus Magazine

Stuart Clark is a former editor of the United Kingdom's best-selling astronomy magazine, "Astronomy Now". He currently writes for the European Space Agency and is a regular contributor to such magazines as "New Scientist" and "BBC Focus". He is the author of several books, including "Journey to the Stars" and "Deep Space: The Universe from the Beginning".

List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi Prologue: The Dog Years 1 Chapter One: The First Swallow of Summer 9 Chapter Two: Herschel's Grand Absurdity 25 Chapter Three: The Magnetic Crusade 47 Chapter Four: The Solar Lockstep 58 Chapter Five: The Day and Night Observatory 71 Chapter Six: The Perfect Solar Storm 80 Chapter Seven: In the Grip of the Sun 93 Chapter Eight: The Greatest Prize of All 98 Chapter Nine: Death at the Devil's Jumps 117 Chapter Ten: The Sun's Librarian 129 Chapter Eleven: New Flare, New Storm, New Understanding 148 Chapter Twelve: The Waiting Game 168 Chapter Thirteen: The Cloud Chamber 179 Epilogue: Magnetar Spring 188 Bibliography 191 Index 207